![]() ![]() LinkedIn FORM 8-K (Current Report/Significant Event)įinancial Statements and Exhibits, Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders LinkedIn Form 8-K (Current Report/Significant Event) LinkedIn 8-K (Current Report/Significant Event) Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holdersĭeparture of Directors or Certain Officers Election of Directors Appointment of Certain Officers Compensatory Arrangements of Certain OfficersĮntry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Financial Statements and Exhibits, Other Events LinkedIn Announces First Quarter 2014 ResultsĬhanges in Control of Registrant, Departure of Directors or Certain Officers Election of Directors Appointment of Certain Officers Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers, Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws Change in Fiscal Year, Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders, Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard Transfer of Listing, Financial Statements and Exhibits, Triggering Events That Accelerate or Increase a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement, Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assetsįinancial Statements and Exhibits, Results of Operations and Financial Condition LinkedIn Announces Second Quarter 2014 Results LinkedIn Announces Third Quarter 2014 Results LinkedIn Corporation Announces $1.15 Billion Convertible Notes Offering LinkedIn Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2014 Results LINKEDIN CORPORATION TRENDED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In thousands, except per share data) Three Months Ended Year Ended Net revenue $ LinkedIn Announces First Quarter 2015 Results The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. LinkedIn Announces Second Quarter 2015 Results ![]() ![]() LinkedIn Announces Third Quarter 2015 Results LinkedIn Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2015 Results LinkedIn Announces First Quarter 2016 Results LinkedIn Announces Second Quarter 2016 Results For more information, see the Q4 FY22 earnings release here.LinkedIn Announces Third Quarter 2016 Results You can see LinkedIn’s quarterly product highlights, releases and enhancements in the Q4 FY22 product list here. We are a leader in B2B digital advertising, and we continue to see customers choose us for higher reach and ROI. LinkedIn Talent Solutions surpassed $6 billion in revenue over the past 12 months, up 39% year-over-year.Īnd LinkedIn Marketing Solutions surpassed $5 billion dollars in annual revenue for the first time. More than 40% of companies on LinkedIn now rely on skills filters to identify candidates, as job candidates and employers alike prioritize skills to more efficiently find and source work. We also once again saw record engagement among our more than 850 million members, a testament to how mission critical the platform is to connect job seekers with jobs, learners with skills, and marketers with buyers. In Q4, LinkedIn’s revenue increased 26% year-over-year (29% in constant currency). Included in the report on the financial performance were the following LinkedIn highlights: Today, Microsoft announced Q4 FY22 Earnings. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Everywhere on the record, gigantic beats are dropped with pinpoint precision, giving songs a momentum that transforms repetitive melodies into sudden revelations. "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" is a resounding standout amidst the retro/Vocoder deluge that transpired after Cher's Believe turned the kitchy disco device into a worldwide pop music trend, spinning a clever groove around an ever-escalating string of computerized seduction. "Digital Love" starts off silly and gets sillier, but the monosyllabic lyrics lull the senses just right, allowing the song's summery groove to grab hold with authority. "Aerodynamic" eschews breakbeats for an Yngwie Malmsteen-ish guitar interlude that somehow ends up meshing in a crazy blend of stomping bass lines and hyped-up harmonics. Starting off with the irresistibly hummable "One More Time," the record blows through a head-spinning array of styles and samples, creating a pop-culture stew of funky loops and dance-floor anthems. 2023 marks the 10th anniversary of Daft Punk multi Grammy winning hit record Random Access Memories including Get Lucky, Instant Crush, Lose Yourself To Dance and featuring Pharrell Williams, Nile Rodgers, Julian Casablancas, Paul Williams, Panda Bear and Todd Edwards. Discovery is among the 30 Greatest EDM Albums of All Time.So how have they managed to position themselves as electronic music's next great crossover artists? On Discovery, the follow-up to the 1998 worldwide smash Homework, the answer is obvious: they have no shame, and they know how to make us dance. Daft Punks defining album comes directly from the horses mouths. Julian Casablancas Daft Punk 5.76M subscribers Subscribe 3.1M Share 607M views 9 years ago DaftPunk JulianCasablancas InstantCrush. Tracks: A1: One More Time A2: Aerodynamic A3: Digital Love B1: Harder, Better. Vinyl LP of “Discovery by Daft Punk” now available in India at The Revolver Club vinyl records store. 0:00 / 5:40 Daft Punk - Instant Crush (Video) ft. 1 Chilly Gonzales Something About Us 2 Christian Prommers Drumlesson Around The World 3 Emre Yazgin Giorgio By Moroder 4 Federation Of The Disco Pimp. The album was ranked number 12 on Pitchfork Media's Top 100 Albums of 2000–04 and number three on their Top 200 Albums of the 2000s. Daft Punk - Something About Us (2001) Vinyl Video Gramophone 6.5K subscribers Subscribe Share 3.5K views 2 years ago From The Album: Discovery Vinyl Release Year: 2014 - Show more. Rhapsody placed the album at number twelve on its 100 Best Albums of the Decade list in 2009. “Discovery” was also placed at number eight on the list of The 30 Greatest EDM Albums of All Time in 2012 by Rolling Stone. The album was recorded in Paris between 19. It marked a shift from the Chicago house sound prevalent on their first studio record, Homework (1997), to a house style more heavily inspired by disco, post-disco, garage house, and R&B. “Discovery” was cited as one of the best 50 albums of 2001 by Q. Discovery is the second studio album by French electronic music duo Daft Punk, originally released in 2001. Worth investing in the vinyl LP’s of “Discovery”. Vinyl Daft Punk (1 - 40 of 94 results) Price () Shipping All Sellers Daft Punk DJ Logo Vinyl Decal EDM Car Laptop Phone Window Sticker (1.2k) 3.58 FREE shipping Daft Punk holographic vinyl sticker pack 2-3 inch stickers (479) 4.00 FREE shipping daft freshener (287) 9.50 19. The album mostly garnered positive reviews from acclaimed critics of those times. Daft Punk Discovery Vinyl Record LP 1 One More Time 2 Aerodynamic 3 Digital Love 4 Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger 5 Crescendolls 6 Nightvision 7. One can perfectly relate to the music, the way it plays one can totally reminisce the childhood memories. The songs in the album have got nothing to do with the lyrics, it is the melodious tones from the guitar. The album involves co-productions and vocals from Romanthony and Todd Edwards, two of the brightest figures based in New Jersey's fertile garage scene. “Discovery” is the second studio album by French house duo Daft Punk, released on 3 March 2001, by Virgin Records. ![]() TRC Recommends: Best Entry-Level Audiophile Turntable in Indiaĭaft Punk pulled off a brilliant wheeze by re-inventing the mid-'80s as the coolest pop era ever. Guide to: Buying Your First Turntable in India 29.99 - Limited Edition Vinyl In March 2001, the electronic duo released their second album discovery, a total of 14 tracks, driven by the hit singles one. Can't find the record you need? We'll get it for you! ![]() ![]() ![]() Not big enough for a loaded semi, but long-haulers never used Sycamore Street, anyway. Sycamore Street was paved nice and smooth on both sides, but the bridge deck-one hundred and forty-two feet long-was steel grating that made a humming sound when cars went over it and a rumble when trucks used it-which they could do, because the bridge was now rated at sixty thousand pounds. It was named the Frank Ellsworth Bridge, after a hometown hero who died in Vietnam, but the locals just called it the Sycamore Street Bridge. “Wasn’t much of a blessing for us, Charlie, was it?” “The mayor cut a ribbon, Father Coughlin blessed the goddam thing, and that was that,” my father said one night. The wooden span was demolished and the new one was opened to traffic in April of 1997. The Little Rumple really is little, and putting up the new bridge didn’t take long. It was dangerous, the state inspectors were right about that, but here’s the irony: if the old wooden bridge had never been replaced by one made of steel, my mother might still be alive. My dad said you could feel the planks shiver and shake and rumble under you even in a car. The bridge was posted for ten thousand pounds, but townies with a fully loaded pickup truck mostly steered clear of it, opting for the turnpike extension, which was an annoying and time-consuming detour. People in our part of Sentry had known that since ’82, my father said. That was the year the state inspectors from the Department of Highway Transportation looked it over and deemed it unsafe. The Little Rumple River runs through the north end of Sentry’s Rest (known to the locals as Sentry), and until the year 1996, the year I was born, it was spanned by a wooden bridge. And I was the kid with the shackle clamped around his wrist. Bowditch and the padlocked shed behind his ramshackle old Victorian.īut a thread is easy to break. ![]() And now, thinking of those things, I see a clear thread leading up through the years to Mr. So that’s where I need to start, with the goddamned Sycamore Street Bridge. Only that isn’t the right place, either, because I don’t think my father would have needed a miracle if it hadn’t been for that goddamned bridge. A very ordinary miracle you could say, one that’s happened to many thousands of men and women since 1935, but it seemed like a miracle to a kid. Only that never would have happened except for the miracle that happened to my father. My first thought was with the shed, because that’s where my adventures really began, but then I realized I would have to tell about Mr. My problem-and I’m sure many writers have it, not just newbies like me-is deciding where to start. “Good, evil, a kingdom to save, monsters to slay-these are the stuff that page-turners are made from.” -Laura Miller, Slate ExcerptĬhapter One: The Goddam Bridge. Magnificent, terrifying, and “spellbinding…packed with glorious flights of imagination and characteristic tenderness about childhood, Fairy Tale is vintage King at his finest” ( Esquire). What Bowditch knows, and has kept secret all his long life, is that inside the shed is a portal to another world. Then, when Bowditch dies, he leaves Charlie a cassette tape telling a story no one would believe. Sometimes strange sounds emerge from it.Ĭharlie starts doing jobs for Mr. When Charlie is seventeen, he meets a dog named Radar and her aging master, Howard Bowditch, a recluse in a big house at the top of a big hill, with a locked shed in the backyard. Charlie learned how to take care of himself-and his dad. His mom was killed in a hit-and-run accident when he was ten, and grief drove his dad to drink. Legendary storyteller Stephen King goes into the deepest well of his imagination in this spellbinding novel about a seventeen-year-old boy who inherits the keys to a parallel world where good and evil are at war, and the stakes could not be higher-for that world or ours.Ĭharlie Reade looks like a regular high school kid, great at baseball and football, a decent student. A #1 New York Times Bestseller and New York Times Book Review Editors’ Choice! ![]() ![]() ![]() But this film pulls it off, largely by not shying away from the task. This is an innately more complex task than the more common episodic approach that buries the procedural reality under a mask of plot and character. This is a movie about the procedure of command. Overall, Tom Hanks sells this stripped down war movie. At this point, he might as well try Rita Wilson. Quite frankly, they are the wolf pack and a wolf growl would fit better. It's trying too hard especially the whale noise coming with the German submarines. It mostly achieves it by not explaining the military jargon and allowing the audience to figure it out. This movie is trying to be simple, realistic, and matter of fact. He is a regular man of real internal strength and integrity. He is our everyman and that's why he is so effective. Commander Ernest Krause (Tom Hanks) captains the American destroyer USS Keeling, codenamed Greyhound, on his first convoy leading three other warships and many slow moving transport ships. They are at the mercy of the German submarine wolfpack. ![]() Quite entertaining and well worth the time spent watching it.ĭuring the early American involvement in WWII, the "Black Pit" refers to the Mid-Atlantic gap where Allied convoys are left without air cover. This movie definitely took me by surprise, and if you enjoy World War II movies - with a naval theme, mind you - then "Greyhound" is the movie you should sit down and watch. My rating of "Greyhound" is an eight out of ten stars. ![]() There was so much activity and realism in the scenes that it most certainly had a great war movie feel to it. I really liked the presentation of the movie and the way it was shot. Visually then "Greyhound" was just spectacular. That definitely helped to add authenticity to the movie. The movie also had a great cast ensemble to boast, with lots of great performances from the actors in the movie. I must admit that I was surprised to find that Tom Hanks himself was the screenwriter for "Greyhound", and hats off to him for this achievement, because this was without a doubt a very enjoyable war movie. I particularly liked the way that the movie was filmed, because it felt very dynamic and action-packed, sort of like I was right there alongside the fellows aboard the Greyhound and could almost smell the brine in the air. "Greyhound" is a very intense naval war movie, and it was just great entertainment from beginning to end. When I sat down to watch it, I didn't really believe it would be up there alongside with the likes of "Saving Private Ryan" or "Band of Brothers", but it was. "Greyhound" was definitely an amazing movie. Well, another amazing World War II endeavor notch on Tom Hank's belt. ![]() ![]() ![]() But it also comes in three other finishes (black, brown and white), all of which have a clean, almost Japandi look. We tested the “yellow” clock, which looks like a nice pine. While there are plenty of fun and helpful features of the Jall, one of the most striking aspects is its design. You can toggle the dimmable display between showing temperature or the date as well as a “Sound Control” mode, which turns off the display and automatically turns it back on when movement or sound is detected. Speaking of extra features, this clock can show you the humidity and temperature of your room, which are actually critical factors to getting restful sleep. You can also choose if you want the alarms to go off every day or on weekdays only, which was another pleasant feature that was absent from many of the Jall’s competitors. Whenever you set or change your alarm, you have the option to set two other alarms as well, so you can have three different alarms active at once. The scroll wheel was especially useful, allowing you to speed through the numbers for hours and minutes instead of repeatedly pressing a button. Setting the time and alarm took us less than a minute when we first plugged it in, which was refreshingly short compared to other clocks. To set the time or alarm, all you have to do is press and hold a button and use the wheel to change the numbers on the screen. The Jall clock has a panel on the backside that houses all the controls, including three small buttons, four switches and a scrolling wheel. It’s got a 5-foot cord that should reach most outlets comfortably, and comes with a CR2032 battery that backs up your settings (although the small plastic latch that opens the battery door snapped off when we pulled too hard, so be careful when you need to switch the battery). Right out of the box, this clock was easy to use and setup was a breeze. Plus, at $25 (or less), the Jall Wooden Alarm Clock is equipped with incredibly useful features, such as the ability to set multiple alarms, humidity and temperature readings and a feature that puts the display to sleep and automatically wakes it back up if it senses movement or sound. It’s got a polished feel to it, and its wooden design gives it a look unlike any other clocks we tested. It’s simple to set, easy to read in the dark and has an alarm that is loud but won’t scare you awake. ![]() The Jall Wooden Digital Alarm Clock has everything you need - and more - in an alarm clock. ![]() ![]() ![]() It can also symbolize an inability to show affection to someone close, or even a kind of emotional frigidity that hurts those we care about. The reversed Ace of Cups most often speaks of one sided affection, love without reciprocation or rejection of our efforts by the person for whose favor we are currently striving. In itself, however, it describes the emotional relationship of only one person, so when interpreting it in terms of relationships you should first consider whose side of the question the Ace of Cups represents. The card can also manifest itself in events and situations that will evoke great emotions in you, but at the same time will be a beautiful memory and a chance for joy and emotional fulfillment. When you see the Ace of Cups in an upright position in the Tarot, it indicates the highest state of consciousness and love that you can offer to another person. The Ace of Cups predicts an influx of new ideas in a relationship, a revival of previous feelings and a spiritual transformation that will change your fortunes for the better. It also represents devotion and commitment to another person and even the conception of a child. If you are currently in a relationship, the Ace of Cups is a sign of a new and exciting relationship which may develop into something deeper and more lasting. ![]() It heralds love, happiness, closeness and reconciliation with loved ones and important people in your life. ![]() In questions related to love, when the Ace of Cups is in an upright position there is no better sign that you can receive from fate. However, it can sometimes show a one-sided feeling without reciprocation, so more Tarot cards are needed to interpret it fully. This is the happiest of the Tarot cards, which we can put on a par with the Ace of Pentacles in its positive meaning. It foretells beneficial changes and contentment in your life, but often also speaks of very emotional and sensitive people. Ace of Cups in upright position is also a chance that you have to take in order to change your fate for better. This is an excellent omen for any new projects and ideas especially those where creativity is important. When the Ace of Cups falls in your question it should be interpreted as a favorable period in the matter in question even if it concerns material matters. The Ace of Cups in an upright position also signifies friendship, help from someone, or a gift from God Himself. It heralds infatuation, love, or even love for another person or for ourselves. When you see the Ace of Cups in an upright position it is a sign of impending abundance on the emotional plane. Even in a reversed position this card doesn't portend negative events. The Ace of Cups represents abundance, good fortune and success in whatever is most important to you at the moment. This is not only a beautiful image, but also an incredibly positive message that predicts good news and success in any questioned matter where a new idea or action is born (although the Ace of Wands points more to this). The dove above the chalice with the host in its beak symbolizes the Holy Spirit and divine love immersed in itself. Water is pouring out of the cup, symbolizing the enormity of your emotions involved in the matter, and the whole is surrounded by a halo. In the classic Rider Waite deck, the Ace of Cups is depicted as a hand holding a golden cup rising from the clouds. Thus the Ace of Cups in Tarot can indicate a new love or a beginning of love, the birth of a child, gestures of any kind from people and gifts from fate. The Ace of Cups is not an exception because like no other card, it refers to the emotional sphere and like all the 1's in the Tarot, it talks about beginnings and something new in your life. The Ace of Cups also known as the (One) Ace of Cups is the first card in the Suit of Cups and symbolizes feelings and desires. ![]() ![]() ![]() The original was available only with an automatic transmission, which sent sports car purists packing. Mercedes got the recipe almost right the first time. In less than 30 seconds, you can convert the SLK-Class from a closed coupe to a cool convertible without leaving the driver seat. The SLK-Class's big selling point is its exclusive retractable steel roof that, when raised, makes the car seem as tight and insulated as a Benz sedan. The result of that decision is the SLK-Class roadster, introduced in 1997 to instant critical acclaim. The SLK was a game-changer, and that makes it a good choice as a future classic – look after one and the value is only going one way – an inexpensive investment, and a nice car to have around for high days and holidays.A few years ago, the gang at the three-pointed star decided that it was time to ditch their dowdy image and begin attracting younger buyers. ![]() That isn’t matched by the bodywork, which can rust like any Nineties Mercedes, but on the flip side, there are plenty of examples around that have been cherished, garaged and kept as second cars, and these are the ones that are destined to become future classics provided they are well rust-proofed and equally well maintained. A car that offers and affordable yet stylish entry into Mercedes convertible ownership, yet is still modern enough to run every day, with faultless parts availability and a good record for mechanical reliability. It was popular, too, with over 311,000 R170s built in a production run that lasted eight years. The SLK was all about looking good, and that was something it did in spades. The 230 Kompressor, which was the only available model at launch, used Mercedes’s patented supercharging technology to wring almost 200bhp out of the 2.3-litre straight-four engine, meaning it was no slouch. Dynamics came second to the posing factor, and that was instantly noticeable as soon as you settled, rather comfortably, of course, behind the wheel. The SLK was a sports car that didn’t need to be a sports car. It didn’t matter one jot that the SLK’s chassis, based on a truncated C-class platform, was fairly wooden (a fact proven by the clunky, overweight Chrysler Crossfire that grew from the platform), or that the extra weight of the electro-hydraulic rams and steel roof made it considerably heavier than the likes of the BMW Z3 and Porsche Boxster that were touted as its rivals. A waiting list so long, in fact, that buyers in the USA had to wait over a year before Mercedes started importing them, and kick-started an even longer waiting list. With styling cues quite clearly ripped from the bigger SL, combined with a sub-£30,000 price tag and compact dimensions, it was no surprise that there was a waiting list across Europe almost from the outset. The company’s mini-SL, codenamed R170, made its European debut in April 1996 and was previewed at that year’s Turin Motor Show. As an engineering masterpiece, it was a sight to behold. By pressing a button on the centre console, the roof would lift and concertina away into a rear deck that lifted up on hydraulic rams, so it was safely stowed away in just over 30 seconds. ![]() The Vario-Roof worked by means of a folding steel hardtop, divided in half along a transverse axis. The original ‘Vario-Roof’ was first seen on the SLK II Concept Car at the 1994 Paris Motor Show, the appearance of the prototype being so close to the final production model that it was clear from the outset that Mercedes had production intent for the model. It may not have been the first of its ilk, but the Mercedes-Benz R170 SLK was the car that popularised the trend of the electric folding hardtop – an idea that went on to spawn similar models from Peugeot, Vauxhall, Ford and Nissan to name but a few. SLKs left Read Owners' Reviews Introduction ![]() ![]() ![]() Semi-integrated, 1-1/8" straight steerer tubeĬomposite platform pedals with reflectors, CrMo axle, standard 9/16" x 20 TPI threading dual-sided aluminium chainring guardĪluminum high rise, 686 mm wide, 10" rise If you’re going it alone, carefully hold the book in place and measure from the ground to the top of the book spine.Īluminum alloy comfort grip levers with motor cutoff switchĥ3T chainring 170 mm crank length square-taper J.I.S. If you have a buddy helping you, get them to measure from the floor to the top of the book spine while you hold the book in place. This may be a bit awkward, but is way more comfortable - and safer! - than trying to ride a bike that is too big. Slide the book upwards towards your groin until it is solidly against your body. Place a hardcover book against the wall with the spine of the book facing upward. Wearing your regular riding shoes and with your back to the wall, stand with your feet spread so there is about 7 inches between them - this is about the distance apart your feet would be when straddling a bike with your feet on You’ll use this number on the chart to get a feel for how the different models will fit you. This will typically be an inch or two longer than the length of your trousers, but you’ll want to measure to be sure. Otherwise, it’s a quality platform for customization and years of use.Your “bike inseam” - or inside leg length - is the distance between your body where it sits on your bike saddle and the ground. Minor sticking points were the inconveniently long kickstand legs, lack of stock fenders, and minimal clearance between your heels and the seat stays. ![]() Our test bike had the Bosch Performance Line Speed motor, which takes you up to 28 mph rather quickly. The fat 24-inch tires dampen road vibration and make you feel like you can run over almost anything, an admirable trait on a bike designed to carry hundreds of pounds of cargo. The bike feels sturdy and stiff, and the component spec is similarly customizable with motors, batteries, and accessory options. We’d opt for the RFA Utility with its longer rack (might as well have more capacity, right?), but you can always change the wheelbase length in about an hour. The shorter layout (dubbed the RFA Sport) comes with a smaller rear deck. Its adjustable dropouts allow you to shorten and lengthen the wheelbase by 5.5 inches. The Xtracycle RFA is designed to evolve around your changing needs. Have a question about one of these rides or why a cargo bike you love didn’t make our list? Let us know in the comments. We also interviewed the product managers who build these bikes and compared them to competitors in the market. We used them to fetch groceries or take kids to school, riding them as often as possible to find out whether they can replace our cars for daily use. These bikes have been thoroughly tested and vetted by Bicycling editors. While it can be fun to think aspirationally, getting a bike that’s perfectly suited to your daily needs will mean you use it more often. The best way to figure out which style or bike you prefer is by getting out for a test ride.Īpproach an e-cargo bike and accessory purchase the same way you would if you were buying a car. ![]() Alternatively, if your style is more “dump it and go,” bakfiets like the Riese & Müller Load 60 use a single spacious box that’ll fit all your stuff (there are still seat belts for your kids, though). Start on the manufacturer’s website: Brands like Tern and Benno sell panniers, racks, and child seats to match their cargo bikes. Once you’ve purchased a cargo bike, you’ll want the right accessories to maximize its utility. The vastly improved usability, carrying capacity, and range of e-cargo bikes save you money in the long run by being more effective car substitutes (versus non-assist bikes that requires more effort to ride). E-cargo bikes tend to be pricier than their non-electric counterparts, but unless you live somewhere completely flat (and even if you do), we think an e-cargo bike is still the way to go. But e-cargo bikes like the Tern GSD and Benno Boost E use pedal-assist electric motors with more than 50 miles of range to make cargo bikes more accessible to riders who want the convenience of a car in a bike-sized package. Schlepping hundreds of pounds on a bike is great if you’re looking for a workout. “Electricity and cargo bikes go together like PB&J,” Evans says. To make sense of the recent cargo bike boom, look to e-bikes. A bakfiet style bike with a large basket for cargo or passengers. ![]() ![]() ![]() Rather, they are compressed in both directions, leaving a slot between the lips for the air to escape. The Japanese /u/, for example, is not rounded like English /u/, where the lips are protruded (or pursed), but neither are the lips spread to the sides as they are for unrounded vowels. That is, the placement of unrounded vowels to the left of rounded vowels on the IPA vowel chart is reflective of their typical position.ĭifferent kinds of labialization are also possible. Nonetheless, even in languages such as German and Vietnamese, there is usually some phonetic correlation between rounding and backness: front rounded vowels tend to be less front than front unrounded vowels, and back unrounded vowels tend to be less back than back rounded vowels. However, some languages treat roundedness and backness separately, such as French and German (with front rounded vowels), most Uralic languages ( Estonian has a rounding contrast for /o/ and front vowels), Turkic languages (with an unrounded /u/), Vietnamese (with back unrounded vowels), and Korean (with a contrast in both front and back vowels). Usually the higher a back vowel, the more intense the rounding. ![]() In most languages, roundedness is a reinforcing feature of mid to high back vowels, and not distinctive. Roundedness refers to whether the lips are rounded or not. The highest number of contrastive degrees of backness is 3. The International Phonetic Alphabet identifies five different degrees of vowel backness, although no known language distinguishes all five: In front vowels, such as, the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth, whereas in back vowels, such as, the tongue is positioned towards the back of the mouth. Some languages use only height to distinguish vowels.īackness refers to the horizontal tongue position during the articulation of a vowel relative to the back of the mouth. No other parameter, such as front-back or rounded-unrounded (see below), is used in all languages. The parameter of vowel height appears to be the primary feature of vowels cross-linguistically in that all languages use height contrastively. Otherwise, the usual limit on the number of vowel heights is four. The Bavarian dialect of Amstetten has thirteen long vowels, reported to distinguish four heights (close, close-mid, mid, and near-open) each among the front unrounded, front rounded, and back rounded vowels, plus an open central vowel: /i e ɛ̝ æ̝/, /y ø œ̝ ɶ̝/, /u o ɔ̝ ɒ̝/, /a/. It may be that some varieties of German have five contrasting vowel heights independently of length or other parameters. The International Phonetic Alphabet identifies seven different vowel heights, although no known language distinguishes all seven: Sometimes the terms open and close are used as synonyms for low and high for describing vowels. In high vowels, such as and, the tongue is positioned high in the mouth, whereas in low vowels, such as, the tongue is positioned low in the mouth. Height refers to the vertical position of the tongue relative to either the roof of the mouth or the aperture of the jaw. There are however still more possible features of vowel quality, such as the velum position (nasality), type of vocal fold vibration (phonation), and tongue root position. These three parameters are indicated in the schematic IPA vowel diagram on the right. ![]() Daniel Jones developed the cardinal vowel system to describe vowels in terms of the common features height (vertical dimension), backness (horizontal dimension) and roundedness (lip position). The articulatory features that distinguish different vowels in a language are said to determine the vowel's quality. The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "speaking", because in most languages words and thus speech are not possible without vowels. However, some languages also allow other sounds to form the nucleus of a syllable, such as the syllabic l in the English word table (the stroke under the l indicates that it is syllabic the dot separates syllables), or the r in the Serbian word vrba "willow". In all languages, vowels form the nucleus or peak of syllables, whereas consonants form the onset and (in languages which have them) coda. A vowel is also understood to be syllabic: an equivalent open but non-syllabic sound is called a semivowel. This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis. This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. Related subjects: Linguistics Manners of articulation ![]() ![]() ![]() We treat all foot and ankle ailments in Phoenix, Scottsdale, Paradise Valley, Peoria, Tempe, Glendale. To make an appointment with your Foot & Ankle Specialists call 48 or visit us at. ![]() Joint mechanics improve and right function is learned One of these taping methods, called Low Dye Taping (LDT), has become a mainstay for initial treatment of plantar heel pain for many lower extremity and sports.Circulation and lymphatic flow increases.Still, kinesio taping works primarily through the sensory system whereas the traditional sport tape has true mechanical effect too. Quick anatomy refresher: The plantar fascia is the thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes while supporting the foots arch.It also absorbs the impact during certain activities such as walking, running or jumping. through the circulation, lymphatic system and neurophysiology.Īs for the joint mechanics, Kinesio Taping can be used to increase the joint’s range of motion, guide the joint to act functionally right and bring mechanical support to the joint by pulling the tape tight or applying more tape layers. Related exercises to arch support taping. ![]() The method can be used to support the body’s own healing process e.g. Arch support taping is commonly used to treat conditions such as plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, and overpronation. We now offer Kinesio taping for our patients to increase the painless range of motion and muscular power. ![]() |
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